10. Join the following pairs of sentences into single sentences as directed:
(a) I saw a snake. I ran away. (use participle)
Answer: Seeing a snake I ran away.
(b) He learns music. He listens to the chords. (use preposition with gerund)
Answer: By listening to the chords he learns music.
(c) Gold is a precious metal. It is used to make ornaments. (use noun in apposition)
Answer: Gold, a precious metal, is used to make ornaments.
(d) Ramu has some money. He can buy books. (use infinitive)
Answer: Ramu has some money to buy books.
(e) The sky was cloudy. We postponed our journey. (use nominative absolute)
Answer: The sky was cloudy, we postponed our journey.
(f) The boy wrote the answer. The answer was incorrect. (use adverbial phrase)
Answer: The boy wrote the answer incorrectly.
11. Join the following pairs of sentences into single compound sentences as directed:
(a) The old man is unwell. He cannot go out. (use Illative conjunction)
Answer: The old man is unwell so/therefore he cannot go out.
(b) He is honest. He is humble. (use cumulative conjunction)
Answer: He is both honest and humble.
(c) Sonali cannot write poetry. She keeps on trying. (use adversative conjunction)
Answer: Sonali cannot write poetry yet she keeps on trying.
(d) Study hard. You will not pass the examination. (use alternative conjunction)
Answer: Study hard or/otherwise you will not pass the examination.
12. Join the following pairs of sentences into single complex sentences as directed:
(a) Rabindranath Tagore is a famous poet. He won the Nobel Prize. (use adjective clause)
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore is a famous poet who won the Nobel Prize.
(b) He returned home. Everyone in the family had fallen asleep. (use adverb clause)
Answer: Everyone in the family had fallen asleep when he returned home.
(c) The sun rises in the east. Everyone knows it. (use noun clause)
Answer: Everyone knows that the sun rises in the East.
13. Join the following pairs of sentences into single sentences as directed:
(a) It rained hard. The roads were not flooded. (compound sentence)
Answer: It rained hard but the roads were not flooded.
(b) He completed his work. He took rest. (simple sentence)
Answer: After completing his work he took rest.
(c) Rahul is a great singer. He can sing different kinds of songs. (complex sentence)
Answer: As Rahul is a great singer, he can sing different kinds of songs.
(d) The time of departure of the train has changed. Alia knew it. (complex sentence)
Answer: Alia knew that the time of departure of the train had changed.
(e) I do not watch television. I do not listen to the radio. (compound sentence)
Answer: I neither watch television nor listen to the radio.
(f) The child was short. The child could not pick the guava from the tree. (simple sentence)
Answer: Being short the child could not pick the guava from the tree.
14. Split the following into two sentences:
(a) It rained and I could not leave my room.
Answer: (i) It rained. (ii) I could not leave my room.
(b) He thought that he could win the race.
Answer: (i) He could win the race. (ii) He thought it.
(c) Having been informed of the trouble, the Principal left for home.
Answer: (i) The Principal was informed of the trouble. (ii) He left for home.
(d) Nasir, who was the captain of the team, scored a century.
Answer: (i) Nasir was the captain of the team. (ii) He scored a century.
Writing activities
15. Write a biography of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (within 100 words) based on the hints given below:
born on 11 November 1888 – composed poetry in Urdu – worked as a journalist, protested against British Raj – enthusiastic supporter of Gandhiji’s ideas – wrote many books – like ‘India wins freedom’, ‘Ghubar-e-Khatir’ etc. – first Education Minister of independent India – birthday celebrated as National Education Day – died on 22 February 1958
Ans:
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born on 11th November 1888. He was a great scholar and poet who composed poetry in Urdu. As a journalist, he strongly protested against British rule and actively supported Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas. He wrote several books, including India Wins Freedom and Ghubar-e-Khatir. After India gained independence, he became the country’s first Education Minister. His birthday is celebrated as National Education Day in India. He passed away on 22nd February 1958, leaving behind a legacy of knowledge and patriotism.
বাংলা অর্থ:
মওলানা আবুল কালাম আজাদ ১১ নভেম্বর ১৮৮৮ সালে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি একজন মহান পণ্ডিত ও কবি ছিলেন এবং উর্দু ভাষায় কবিতা রচনা করতেন। সাংবাদিক হিসেবে তিনি ব্রিটিশ শাসনের বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিবাদ করেছিলেন এবং মহাত্মা গান্ধীর আদর্শের প্রবল সমর্থক ছিলেন। তিনি ইন্ডিয়া উইন্স ফ্রিডম ও ঘুবার-এ-খাতির সহ অনেক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বই লিখেছেন। স্বাধীনতার পর, তিনি ভারতের প্রথম শিক্ষামন্ত্রী হন। তার জন্মদিন জাতীয় শিক্ষা দিবস হিসেবে উদযাপিত হয়। ২২ ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৯৫৮ সালে তিনি পরলোকগমন করেন, কিন্তু তার জ্ঞান ও দেশপ্রেমের উত্তরাধিকার আজও স্মরণীয়।
16. Use the following flow-chart to write a paragraph (within 100 words) on how a building is constructed:
drawing of a plan of the building by the architect – getting the plan sanctioned by the corporation or municipal authorities – engaging masons and labourers – starting the construction with bricks, cement and sand – fitting doors and windows – plastering of walls – wiring – electric and water connections – painting – building completed – fit for living
Ans:
Construction of a Building
The construction of a building follows a systematic process. First, an architect draws a detailed plan of the building. Then, the plan must be sanctioned by the municipal or corporation authorities. After approval, masons and laborers are engaged, and the construction begins using bricks, cement, and sand. Once the structure is ready, doors and windows are fitted. The walls are then plastered, followed by wiring for electrical and water connections. Finally, the building is painted, making it ready for living. This step-by-step process ensures a strong and well-finished structure.
বাংলা অর্থ:
একটি ভবন নির্মাণ প্রক্রিয়া
একটি ভবন নির্মাণ একটি ধারাবাহিক প্রক্রিয়া। প্রথমে একজন স্থপতি ভবনের পরিকল্পনা অঙ্কন করেন। এরপর, পৌরসভা বা কর্পোরেশন কর্তৃপক্ষের অনুমোদন নেওয়া হয়। অনুমোদন পাওয়ার পর রাজমিস্ত্রি ও শ্রমিকদের নিযুক্ত করা হয় এবং ইট, সিমেন্ট ও বালু দিয়ে নির্মাণকাজ শুরু হয়। ভবনের কাঠামো তৈরি হলে দরজা-জানালা লাগানো হয়। তারপর দেয়ালের প্লাস্টার করা হয় এবং বৈদ্যুতিক ও পানির সংযোগের জন্য তারের ব্যবস্থা করা হয়। সবশেষে ভবনটি রঙ করা হয় এবং এটি বসবাসের জন্য উপযুক্ত হয়ে ওঠে। এই ধাপে ধাপে প্রক্রিয়া ভবনটিকে মজবুত ও সুসম্পূর্ণ করে।