Exercise 4
Change the parts of speech of the given words in the chart:
| Noun | Verb | Adjective | Adverb |
| beauty | |||
| dangerously | |||
| care | |||
| strongly |
Ans:
| Noun | Verb | Adjective | Adverb |
| beauty | beautify | Beautiful | beautifully |
| danger | endanger | dangerous | dangerously |
| carefulness | care | careful | carefully |
| strength | strengthen | strong | strongly |
Exercise 5
Rewrite the sentences changing the form of the underlined words as directed:
(1) He is known for his honesty. (change into adjective form)
Ans: He is honest that is known.
(2) She spoke with kindness. (change into adverb form)
Ans: She spoke kindly.
(3) The sun shone brightly. (change into noun form)
Ans: The sun shone with brightness.
(4) She gave a wise judgment. (change into verb form)
Ans: She judged wisely.
Exercise 6
Write a paragraph within 100 words on the water cycle, using the following flow-chart:
water evaporates from water bodies-rises as vapour-gets heavier-condenses, forms clouds-falls to earth as rain
The water cycle is a continuous process through which water moves in nature. Water from oceans, rivers, and lakes evaporates due to the heat of the sun. This water vapour rises into the atmosphere. As it goes higher, it cools down, becomes heavier, and condenses to form clouds. When the clouds become too heavy, the water falls back to the earth in the form of rain. This rainwater again collects in water bodies, and the cycle repeats. The water cycle is essential for maintaining life on Earth and keeping the natural balance of water.
Exercise 7
Write a summary of the following passage within 100 words:
Communication is part of our everyday life. We greet one another, smile or frown, depending on our moods. Animals too, communicate. Just like us, interaction among animals can be both verbal and non-verbal. Singing is one way in which birds can interact with one another. Male blackbirds often use their melodious songs to catch the attention of other blackbirds. These songs are usually rich in notes, encoding various kinds of messages. Songs are also used to keep off other birds from their territory, usually a place where they dwell. Large mammals in the oceans sing too, according to adventurous sailors. Enormous whales groan and grunt while smaller dolphins and porpoises whistle and click. These sounds are surprisingly received by other mates as far as several hundred kilometers away. Besides singing, body language also forms a large part of animals’ communication mode. Dominant hyenas exhibit their power by raising the fur hackles on their necks and shoulders, while the submissive ones normally surrender to the powerful parties by crouching their head low and curling their lips a little, revealing their teeth in friendly smile. Insects such as wasps armed with poisonous bites or stings usually have brightly painted bodies to remind other predators of their power. (206 words)
Communication is essential in both human and animal life. Animals use both verbal and non-verbal methods to interact. Birds like blackbirds sing melodious songs to attract mates or defend territory. Similarly, ocean mammals such as whales, dolphins, and porpoises use sounds to communicate over long distances. Body language also plays a vital role—dominant hyenas raise their fur to show power, while submissive ones crouch and smile to show respect. Some insects, like wasps, display bright colors as a warning to predators. These various methods show that animal communication is rich, complex, and serves important survival functions